Assistive Technology (AT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assistive Technology (AT) - Essay Example Further, from the numerous sorts of particular gadgets, it very well may be seen that various abilities require various types of AT to improve, keep up and increment (Gillespie, Best and ONeill, 2012). The rough number of understudies utilizing AT in K-12 study halls in North East Ohio is 150,000 (Carlson, 2005). The quantity of people utilizing AT in schools is expanding chiefly in light of the fact that making AT open to them is a lawful prerequisite. Each kid or understudy is ordered to get equivalent learning openings paying little mind to their inabilities of practical abilities. To this end, more clients of AT are joined up with schools. At that point, the viability of AT is likewise an empowering factor that drives more guardians and gatekeepers to enlist understudies in schools. Further, the financing of AT is basically positioned on school regions by government law, which makes it increasingly open to the developing number of understudies needing them. It is perceived that handicaps won't simply disappear or get relieved like most afflictions. In satisfying the command of benefiting equivalent chances to each resident, the government recognizes that people with handicaps can utilize ATs to repay certain incapacities, work around them and even influence their solid focuses (Purcell and Grant, 2005). In this way, the entrance to AT for people with handicaps is ordered in light of the fact that voluntarily encourage their undertakings towards getting increasingly autonomous, be it at home, school, work or all through life. AT further causes people with inabilities to lead sound and profitable lives. The law requiring people with handicaps to approach AT is the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), reexamined in 1997 and 2004. It commands that all youngsters under a custom curriculum must have their AT necessities considered by the particular school areas. It is pivotal for a custom curriculum educators to compose the gad get and an arrangement for use in the IEP in light of the fact that it will

American Me essays

American Me expositions American Me is a film, made in 1992, coordinated by and featuring Edward James Olmos. This film dependent on a genuine story, about a Mexican-American male turning over a large portion of his life in jail. He experienced childhood in the road of East Los Angeles, were he joined the nearby neighborhood pack. He and his companions got sent to jail at sixteen years old for breaking and entering. In jail he did what it took to endure, which got him more years in prison. He began the greatest snap in jail, Mexican Mafia, which gave him and all Latinos, away to endure the jail life. Santana is the name of the individual the film rotates around. His folks were Zoot Suitors in their day dislike by society. Mariners, during the Zoot Suit Riots assaulted Santanas mother and beat up his dad. Santana grew up with his dad hating him, since he was not his genuine child. In any case, Santana didn't locate this out until some other time in his life. Santana remain in the road, during his adolescence to escape from his dad. Santana slaughtered his first individual at sixteen years old, which gave him regard and force. Santana love his recently discover power. From his capacity and regard, he began the Mexican Mafia, which later extended all through jail. They utilized the Mexican Mafia the keep Latinos joined together and to stop individuals, who were more grounded, from removing anything from his kin. Santana utilized he capacity to grantee Latino people groups wellbeing by making them pay lease. Santana and his partners, JD and Mundo, ran everything in Folsom State Prison. They had control of betting, medications, and prostitution. In jail the Mexican Mafia was facing the Black Gorilla Family (BGF) and the Arien Brotherhood. They dealt with everybody except it was a steady fight to keep the force and regard. There was nothing the framework could do to keep Santana from running things. The warrant put him in solitaire and sent individuals in his Mafia to various detainment facilities, yet all that di... <!

Gathering Blue Essay Essay Essays

Social occasion Blue Essay Essays Get-together Blue Essay Get-together Blue Essay Kira is a miss with a contorted leg who lives in a progressively unrefined society where individuals who can non work. dice. She has been kept alive by her female parent. what's more, when her female parent kicks the bucket. Kira is brought before the Council of Guardians. Kira’s life is saved when she demonstrates she can weave great. what's more, she is doled out to the endeavor of fixing up the robe worn by the vocalist whose solitary occupation is to sing the story of human civilisation one time a twelvemonth. She meets Thomas. the male youngster whose duty is to cut the Singer’s staff. When occurring out she needs to color her ain yarn. Kira starts doing an outing to the hovel of Annabella. an old grown-up female who instructs Kira coloring. Annabella shows her the workss expected to do each shading. with the exception of blue. : Kira simple discovers that her life is not exactly ideal. She hears yelling in her structure. what's more, she and Thomas find another vagrant miss whose capacity is to sing and will at long last supplant the present Singer. The vagrant miss is chastened and rebuffed in the event that she does non sing ; Kira becomes a close acquaintence with her yet acknowledges she. Thomas. what's more, the vagrant miss do non hold each piece a lot of opportunity as thought. At the Ceremony. she sees the Singer ( whose robe she is fixing ) . She understands that his pess are anchored. furthermore, he is fundamentally a hostage. The finding is that she and the others with endowments are other than hostages. Kira is other than companions with a male youngster named Matt. He tells Kira of an unassuming community he one opportunity arrived across while lost in the timberlands. This humble community had blue. At the point when the twenty-four hours that the Singer sings his vocal comes. Matt is mysterio usly absent. He at long last comes back with an unsighted grown-up male from the modest community in a somewhat blue shirt. The grown-up male. it turns out. is the male parent whom Kira thought was dead: Christopher. He currently lives in a network made up of harmed and impeded individuals who help each other. Christopher has foes on the gathering and is compelled to return. Kira chooses to stay in the humble community to proceed to fix the singer’s robe and help better the general public she lives in. At last. close to the terminal of the book Matt educates Kira regarding a male kid with somewhat blue eyes from the network her dad is from. He says he has somewhat blue eyes and is non harmed in any way. He thinks Kira ought to obtain wedded with him. yet, Kira reductions. That male kid is along these lines uncovered to be ‘Jonas’ from The Giver.a book other than by Lowry. Anecdotal characters: Kira †a youthful miss with a twisted leg and skilled in weaving ; She is the supporter of the novel Vandara †a shrewd foe of Kira’s ; she demands that Kira be sent to the field to perish Annabella †a matured grown-up female who instructs Kira about colors Thomas †Kira’s companion. a juvenile grown-up male talented in wood carvings Jo †a yearling miss skilled in singing Matt †a juvenile male kid who helps Kira. Thomas. furthermore, ( thusly ) Christopher Jamison †a more seasoned grown-up male. Kira’s supporter and astute man from the Council of Guardians ; hence saw as the grown-up male who endeavored to execute Christopher. Christopher †Kira’s male parent Katrina †Kira’s Mother Branch †Matt’s Canis familiaris

Assessing the current state of the worlds financial system - Free Essay Example

The world financial system, has suffered a severe and virtually unprecedented blow leading to the failure of a number of major institutions and forcing government intervention on a massive scale in a number of countries. Adrian Turner, chairman of the FSA in the UK attributes the current financial crisis to: ..an interplay between macroeconomic imbalances which have become particularly prevalent over the last 10-15 years, and financial market developments which have been going on for 30 years but which accelerated over the last ten under the influence of the macro imbalances. Peter J. Wallison observes that the current crisis has three noteworthy elements: It is worldwide, engulfing the economies of nearly all the developed countries. It is comprehensive in that it involves financial institutions of all kinds. Third of all it is characterized by doubts about the stability and solvency of most of the worlds major financial institutions. While he believes that the first two of these elements fit within the conventional notion of systemic risk, the third element is unusual and, perhaps, unprecedented. On the 9th January 2009, the OECD blamed the regulatory framework as very poor because not only did it fail to prevent the crisis but also contributed to it. One of the key triggers was the introduction of a new regime for supervising all banks, the Basle II regime, which significantly boosted the attractiveness to banks of lending money secured on residential property. That led to a rise in loans to sub-prime borrowers, which were then packaged into securities and s old to institutions. The OECD traced the roots of the problem to 2004, when there was a veritable explosion in residential mortgage-backed securities. Furthermore it was made easier for the poor to obtain mortgages. Tougher capital requirements imposed on the mortgage finance groups Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which triggered an invasion of banks into their territory. Thirdly the transition towards Basle II, made mortgage lending more attractive and fostered the creation of off-balance sheet vehicles. The final element was a policy shift by the Securities and Exchange Commission, which allowed investment banks to increase their leverage from about 15 to one to as much as 40 to one. Shortcomings in risk management, bonus schemes, governance structures, liquidity and counterparty risk need to be addressed, the OECD said.  David R. Henderson believes that the triggering cause of the current financial crisis in the United States was the decline in housing prices that began in the summer of 2006. This decline in housing prices caused a large increase in foreclosures because many people owned houses with mortgages almost equal to the initial value of the houses. When the values of those houses fell and went below the amount of the mortgages, lenders often foreclosed on borrowers.  Since so many financial institutions owned securities based on these mortgages- mortgage-backed securities (MBS), the large decline in value of these MBSs led to large losses for their owners. And because so many of the owners were financial firms that held only a tiny percent of the value of their assets in reserve, even a small percentage decline could, and did, destroy almost the whole value, and sometimes the whole value, of the financial firms that held these securities.   Ãƒâ€š Henderson, however believes that: The best evidence is that the problem was triggered by previous government regulation combined with an unrealistic belief on the part of many people that housing prices could only go up. He rules out greed as well as deregulation as the causes for the financial crisis. On the contrary he argues that the culprit is regulation itself such as the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act and the Community Reinvestment Act amongst others.  He blames such regulation that placed pressure on banks to lend to people with weak credit histories and sketchy employment prospects.  Moral hazard was another contributor to the crisis. This is because lenders to government sponsored enterprises (GSEs) assumed that the US government would guarantee the loans of Fannie Mac and Freddy Mac.  Fannie and Freddy had taken on riskier loans during the housing boom and were able to borrow, at a very low interest rate, the funds with which to buy these loans.  Because lenders to the GSEs did not bear much risk in case the GSEs bore large losses, they had little incentive to be careful in their lending, and the GSEs had little incentive to be careful in their financial decisions.  Furthermore, there has been an explosion of world macro-imbalances, with very large current account surpluses piling up in the oil exporting countries, China, Japan and some other east Asian developing nations, and large current account deficits piling up in the USA, UK, in Ireland, Spain and some other countries. A key driver of those imbalances has been very high savings rates in countries like China; since these high savings are in excess of domestic investment, China and other countries must accumulate claims on the rest of the world. Since, in addition, those countries are committed to fixed or significantly managed exchange rates, these rising claims take the form of central bank reserves, typically invested not in a wide array of equity, property or fixed income assets but almost exclusively in apparently risk-free or close to risk-free government bonds or government guaranteed bonds. This in turn has driven a reduction in real risk free rates of interest to historically lo w levels. They have helped drive rapid growth of credit extension in some developed countries, particularly in the US and the UK and particularly but not exclusively for residential mortgages with this growth accompanied by a degradation of credit standards, and fuelling property price booms which for a time made those lower credit standards appear costless. Secondly, they had driven among investors a ferocious search for yield a desire among any investor who wishes to invest in bond-like instruments to gain as much as possible spread above the risk-free rate, to offset at least partially the declining risk-free rate. Financial sector innovation. The fundamental macro economic imbalances have thus stimulated demands which have been met by a wave of financial innovation, focused on the origination, packaging, trading and distribution of securitised credit instruments. It was from the mid-1990s that the system entered explosive growth in both scale and complexity. This was due to the huge growth in the value of the total stock of credit securities. An explosion in the complexity of the securities sold together with the related explosion of the volume of credit derivatives, enabling investors and traders to hedge underlying credit exposures, or to create synthetic credit exposures also contributed to the crisis. All of these developments, in different ways, seeking to satisfy the demand for yield uplift, and all predicated on the belief that by slicing and dicing, structuring and hedging, using sophisticated mathematical models to understand and manage risk, to create value by offering investors combinations of risk and ret urn which are more attractive than those available from direct purchase of the underlying credit exposures. This explosion was supported by and in itself drove big increases in the leverage of major financial institutions in particular investment banks and the investment banking activities of some large universal banks. As it developed the rapid growth began to drive and to be driven by one of those self-fulfilling cycles of falling risk aversion where credit spreads on a wide range of securities and loans falling to clearly inadequate levels. This crisis is the first major global boom and bust of securitised credit instruments. One of the crucial questions to ask is whether the originate and distribute model is inherently riskier than the one that it has partially replaced or whether, provided it is regulated more effectively, it is capable of being a more stable system, or indeed of delivering the positive benefits of increased financial stability which its advocates originall y proposed. The IMF Global Financial Stability Report of April, 2008 makes it clear that the majority of the holdings of the securitised credit, and the vast majority of the losses which arose, did not lie in the books of end investors intending to hold the assets to maturity, but on the books of highly leveraged banks and bank-like institutions. What increasingly happened was that the credit securitised and taken off one banks balance sheet, rather than being simply sold through to an end investor, was bought by the   propriety trading desk of another bank, or sold by the first bank but with part of the risk retained via the use of credit derivatives, or used as collateral to raise short-term liquidity creating a complex chain of multiple relationships between multiple institutions, each performing a different small size of the credit intermediation and maturity transformation process, and each with a leveraged   balance sheet requiring a small slice of capital to support that function. Another striking development of the last several decades has been that a growing part of this maturity transformation has been occurring not on the books of regulated banks with central bank access, but on the off-balance sheets of banks, and on the balance sheets of shadow banks or near banks. SIVs and conduits performed large-scale maturity transformation between short-term promises to noteholders and much longer term instruments held on the asset side. While some of these developments in particular the growth of SIVs, and investment bank balance sheets and mutual funds were most prevalent in the US and less important elsewhere, the impact in a global funds market was felt throughout the world. Examples of this are Northern Rock and Bradford Bingley who were directly or indirectly dependent on the maturity transformation function of US mutual funds and SIVs. Therefore the huge growth in securitised credit intermediation and a related increasing r eliance of the total system on liquidity assured by marketability contributed to the credit crisis. In a securitised system, credits become marketable instruments, tradeable in liquid markets. All liquid  markets can be susceptible to swings in sentiment which produce significant divergence from rational equilibrium prices. Bond yields were driven irrationally low and prices irrationally high by irrational exuberance between 2002 and early 2007, and the yields subsequently soared, the prices collapsed. Since banks are highly leveraged they perform maturity transformation which exposes them to liquidity risk and they are involved in a process of continual rollover of new credit supply to the real economy without which economies will contract. It is therefore possible that the growth of the securitised credits intermediation model has increased some aspects of systemic risk in ways which are not just the result of poor execution bad remuneration practices, inadequate risk m anagement or disclosure, failures in the credit-rating process but absolutely innate. The more complex and globalised the world economy becomes, the more complex are the functions which the worlds banks have to perform in intermediating credit and other flows, and in themselves managing and helping corporates manage, the risks that arise from global operations, and fluctuating   exchange rates,   interest rates and commodity prices. The far bigger failure was the failure to identify that the whole system was fraught with market-wide, systemic risk. Regulators were too focused on the institution-by-institution supervision of idiosyncratic risk: central banks too focused on monetary policy tightly defined, meeting inflation targets. And reports which did look at   the overall picture, for instance the IMF Global Financial Stability Report sometimes simply got it wrong, and when they did get it right, for instance in their warnings about over rapid credit gro wth in the UK and the US, were largely ignored. From his end, Lloyd C. Blankfein sees three broad underlying factors contributing to the crisis: First, governments, particularly the U.S., explicitly supported homeownership through a variety of government programs and initiatives. Second, mortgage assets were considered relatively impervious to sharp downturns. And lastly, the creation of more flexible and varied mortgage products attracted even more capital in search of higher returns. These factors, to varying degrees, contributed to a housing bubble not just in the U.S. but in many other countries as well. Furthermore, he believes that: We rationalized because our self-interest in preserving and growing our market share, as competitors, sometimes blinds us especially when exuberance is at its peak. A systemic lack of skepticism was equally true with respect to credit ratings. An over-dependence on credit ratings coincided with the dilution of the coveted triple A rat ing. Furthermore, a lot of risk models incorrectly assumed that positions could be fully hedged and failed to capture the risk inherent in off-balance sheet activities, such as Structured Investment Vehicles (SIVs). Lastly, financial institutions didnt account for asset values accurately enough. Given the size and interconnected character of markets, the growth in volumes, the global nature of trades and their cross-asset characteristics, managing operational risk will only become more important. Circumstantial evidence that supervisory boards of many large enterprises in the banking sector do not have the necessary know-how to perform their functions properly is also worrying. To what extent has recruitment been on the basis of connections and political expediency, and not on the basis of merit and know-how? It is widely believed that the current crisis is an example of systemic risk becoming reality and that to prevent a recurrence, greater regulation, covering a wider range of participants in the financial markets, is necessary. However, Peter J. Wallison believes that there is as yet no evidence that the current crisis was the result of systemic risk, which is characterized by a kind of contagion. Instead, he opines that the crisis appears to have arisen from the failure of traditional regulated institutions to limit their risk-taking. Consequently he argues that the current crisis provides support for better supervision of traditionally regulated industries, but no warrant either for a systemic risk regulator or for the supervision of other participants in the financial markets that have not previously been regulated. Wallison believes that understanding the current crisis as a solvency problem seems correct. The underlying cause was the collapse of the housing bubble in the United States, aggravated by the fact that weak subprime and Alt-A loans were major constituents of the housing-related assets held by banks and other financial intermediarie s around the world. These mortgage loans, which are held mostly in the form of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), are defaulting at unprecedented rates. The difficulty of determining the value of the underlying mortgages has caused the market for these instruments to come to a virtual halt, and it has also engendered uncertainty about the solvency of the financial institutions that hold them. Until investors and counterparties are persuaded that these institutions are solvent, they will not be stable. He believes that seeing the crisis as a solvency problem rather than a liquidity problem also clarifies a lot about the major events of the last six months, beginning with the bailout of Bear Stearns. Therefore the underlying problem is not contagion or illiquidity but rather fear that others are not or will not be solvent or stable counterparties. The crisis instead arose from the fact that all these institutions invested heavily in the sam e weak assets-primarily MBS and CDOs backed in whole or in part by subprime and Alt-A mortgages. Conclusion The fact that the current financial crisis is caused by doubts about the solvency of almost all of the worlds major financial institutions sets it apart from any other financial crisis in history. The failure of a large number of insured depository institutions and investment banks shows that better regulation and better regulatory tools are warranted. The current crisis has demonstrated that globalisation is a real and irreversible phenomenon. We have a world market and a world system of trade that are interlinked in many ways. A crisis in the USA, or even in Iceland, is a crisis that affects us all. Solutions cannot be national, as has been adequately demonstrated over the last few weeks. They have to be co-coordinated. Greater preparedness and the ability to coordinate action on a global scale may yet prove to be the lasting legacy of the current crisis. But, across the world, regulators need to continually assess how evolving industry structures and institutional roles are c hanging the nature of risk, both for individual institutions and for the whole system, and if necessary to adapt the coverage of  prudential regulation over time. All along, it has been known that market events and economic trends are interwoven on a global basis. But the events of the last year have shown that the connections are more direct and immediate than previously appreciated. All in all, I believe that it is safe to argue that though failure in regulation did contribute to the financial crisis, other criteria such as bad risk management practices, moral hazard, lack of transparency coupled with the greed of banks and self-interest of investors, lack of knowledge of the financial instruments being dealt with (CDOs) as well as lack of monitoring of the credit rating agencies all contributed and aggravated the crisis to varying degrees.

Global Warming And Its Effects - 1451 Words

Global warming was once speculative but, after much research, it has since been scientifically proven by a number of methods. One such method is that used by paleoclimatologist Lonnie Thomas who collects the cores from ice masses all around the globe for his analysis of stable isotopes found in oxygen as discussed on page 452 of the text. Essentially, Thompson and his team concluded from their findings that â€Å"†¦most ice cores indicate that the last 50 years were the warmest 50-year period in the last 2000 years and, in some places, for the entire Holocene! Our climate is clearly going to grow even warmer and less hospitable† (Larsen 452). What, exactly, is global warming? â€Å"The increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere†¦show more content†¦Although I’m not always certain, at the moment, I think I’m human! Yeah, I’m pretty confident about that so, as a human, part two of this discussion calls for me to think about what the future may hold for my species if we continue on the path that we’re on, and if all of the groundbreaking accomplishments that we have achieved throughout the course of human evolution, our material culture specifically, will ultimately lead to our demise. And, if so, what, if anything, can be done to stop it? Collectively, what are the biological consequences of global climate change—global warming caused by greenhouse gases in particular; population increase—overcrowding more specifically; and technology—such advanced technology that humans’ physical activity has been reduced to be precise? On page 468 of the text, the chapter summary really wrapped it all up rather nicely, and, so not to take too much of your time, I will heavily rely upon the concise answers provided there to approach part one (although there are tons of additional details that my human little self is dying to shower you with). Global warming potentially threatens future food supplies for the growing world population, especially in poorer regions. Population increase places stress on resources, including food supplies. Population increase and associated crowding lead to poor sanitation and enhance the spread of existing and newly emerging infectious diseases. Population

Improving call center customer experience - 900 Words

Improving call center customer experience Delivering the ultimate call centre customer experience sets a company apart from companies that offer the same service. It makes customers loyal to the company solutions and hence more profits. The call centre is one major contact between the customers and the company. This is where the clients make inquiries, suggestions, orders and complaints. Thus, its importance cannot be overemphasized. Best practices in call centre environment. Call centre customer experience has strong bearing on the decision to buy a company’s product. It also determines repeated purchases on the same product. Call centre managers should be aware of the best practices and their effect on buyer behavior. Here are a few. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦It is also important to let the customer know that his or her information is secure. †¢ Call back service: It is always important to follow up customers who abandoned their call or those that the agents promised to call back. It is important to call customers back within a short duration from when they called. This reduces customer apathy. Where the agent does not have the solution the client is looking for, it is good to tell the customer that that the problem will be elevated to the right parties. A solution should then be communicated to the customer in time. This is a major call centre customer experience success pointer. †¢ Accuracy of information: Agents should have accurate information at all times. Clients calling via phone need information then. It is annoying to have the agent fumbling around or giving vague information to the client. In addition, call centers should provide the agents with a three sixty degree view of the client to avoid sacrificing valuable interaction time when looking for customer information. †¢ Calling after business hours: Where the call centre does not run for twenty four hours, it is important to have an option that re- directs customers to self service or offer to call the customer back. †¢ Customer satisfaction survey: It is good to do a survey on the customer satisfaction with the service that they receive from the agents and automated services. This could be a fewShow MoreRelatedAvaya Unified Communications: a Call Center Communication Network1004 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: AVAYA UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS Avaya Unified Communications: A Call Center Communication Network Effective Communication in a call center is vital for success. Yet today there are too many communication devices which seem to be adversely challenging and confusing to today’s employees. 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However, professional call center agents face extra challenges that brick-and-mortar customer service employees typically don t have to address. Why? Because without using intentional listening techniques while assisting customers over the phone, you risk frustrating your caller before the conversation even begins in earnest. To understand how important it is to train employees the differences between call center interactions andRead MoreDell: Supply Chain Management and Electronic Commerce Essay1415 Words   |  6 Pagescomputer peripherals and other digital products among the world. According to the Fortune 500 list, Dell is currently listed as number 51. Dell is well known for its customer-oriented services such as supply chain management and electronic commerce. More specifically, the supply chain management (SCM) used by Dell allows customers to build their own PC online and successfully satisfies each customer’s specification. 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Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Business free essay sample

The money that the customers spend is important because it helps to carry on their work in the future. As the customers know that the Eden Project is for charity, they are not so concerned about how much they spend as they know that the money goes towards a good cause. Customers that come from Devon and Cornwall are offered a reduced price. | A large amount of customers are key to ensuring that Coco-Cola have high profits. This means that Coca-Cola will want to make sure their products are of a good quality to ensure business in future. Coca –Cola will want to ensure customers choose them over their nearest rival for example, Pepsi. So they would try to stand out from other rivals. | Employees | An important factor for the Eden Project is the job satisfaction as employees would be proud that they work for a small charity. Also the Eden Project will also take on volunteers into their organisation. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the Different Stakeholders Who Influence the Purpose of Two Contrasting Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Eden Project will need to make sure that the volunteers are motivated, so they can see the value of the work that they do. Furthermore, even though they don’t get paid they will be motivated as it is for a good cause. Coca-Cola is a well know large organisation therefore they do not want any negative publicity about how their employees have been treated. However in the past Coca-Cola has had bad publicity, as they tried to prevent trade union membership are some countries, the outcome of this is likely to lower staff moral and decrease productivity. Job satisfaction and motivation is just as important to Coca- Cola. Because if there is no motivation then the product would be not at a high stranded. | Suppliers | The suppliers that the Eden Project usesare local which is to minimise transport pollution and to support the local community. Coca-Cola uses suppliers from different parts of the world which means that the costs are low as the supplier are from abroad. In order to have a successful relationship with suppliers, Coca-Cola have supplier guiding principles and a supplier code of conduct in order to make sure specific rules and regulations are ensure. | Owners | The Eden Project Trust is managed by The Eden Project Ltd. As the Eden Project is a Limited Company it is owned by family and friends who have invested some money into the business. As Coca-Cola is a Public Limited Company, a majority of owners who play an impotent role in how Coca-Cola is organised. Also Coca-Cola has a lot of minority owners in the form of shareholders which would have an influence over how the company is run. | Local and national communities | The Eden Project a social enterprise eager to support the local and also the national communities as much as possible. | In the past Coca-Cola has had negative publicity because of some of its practices in some countries. For example India, where the company has practices depleted groundwater which they for factories but ended in the resulting in a shortage of water for local people that lived in India. | Trade Unions | The project is not linked with any Trade Unions. Trade unions stand up for employee rights and makes sure there treated fairly. | Previously Coca-Cola has got into trouble for trying to suppress Trade Union membership within the organisation as they are seen as a threat to the company. | Employer Associations | The Eden Project is not connected with any employer associations. Employer Associations represent employee interests. | Coca-Cola does not have any employer associations. | Government | The Eden Project will have to follow the law this is to make sure that they know what to do and so that they do the right thing. As the Eden Project is a charity they will receive tax relief. | Coca-Cola has to also follow the law, in each country. Coca-Cola also has to make sure that they give their employees the right contract. Also they have to make sure that their customs get a high standard that they pay for. |

Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration free essay sample

You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). There are many points that should be included in an employment contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Four main points that must be included are: 1. Employers name 2. Employee’s name 3. Date the employment is to commence 4. Address that the main employment will take place. An example of a Contract of Employment is attached. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment 1. Health and Safety. 2. Pay and Pensions 3. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. 1. Health and Safety. 2. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 3. Data Protection. 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information. There are several sources where a person can find information on Employment Rights and Responsibilities. These can be through both internal and external sources. Internal Sources would include Trade union representatives, line managers, staff association representatives and informed colleagues. External sources may include Citizen Advice Bureau (CAB), legal professionals, libraries, Advisory, conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) and the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC). 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees A good example of how a representative body can support an employee is through an internal source such as a trade union. These often large organisations represent the interests of their members and can offer assistance through work based representatives. They also have regional and expertise that they can call on. Union representatives have a right to paid time to help employee’s in such areas as Health and Safety, pensions, collective redundancies and collective bargaining to name a few. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. Employers have the legal obligation to treat all employees equally, for example, if a male and a female employee are carrying out the same duties within a company then the law states that there should be no discrimination between the two and both parties must be treated equally, pay must be the same and both given the same amount of benefits. This ruling can also be applied to diversity laws. If an employee is from a different ethnic or religious background then the employer must adopt the same posture as before and not discriminate against the employee just because they could be perceived as different from the norm. Every employee has a personal responsibility for their actions and must ensure that they are sensitive to others around them. Employees must remember that all people are different whether that is a difference in their gender or their religious background. Every employee should ensure they treat others how they would be expected to be treated themselves. 6. Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment. Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. The benefits to an organisation in making sure they follow equality and diversity procedures will mean that the company is falling in line with the Laws of the nation, and ensure that the company will be free from claims against the company. For the employee the benefits would mean a better working environment where each employee understands the differences of those working around them, this in turn will benefit the employer as a happier working environment will produce a happier and more productive workforce. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security. If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. The employer holds overall responsibility for implementing all Health, Safety (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974) and security (Data Protection Act 1998, Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988) legislation and guidelines within the workplace. It is the employer’s responsibility to provide a safe clean working environment for all its employees to work in. Employee’s have the responsibility to follow company guidelines with regards to the laid down legislation. By taking ownership of their own responsibilities they can help promote the health, safety and security of not only themselves but also their colleagues. Carrying out their own risk assessment of tasks and managing the associated risks appropriately. 2. Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. By following laid down health, safety and security procedures in a business environment will help maintain a safe and secure workplace. This will help minimise the risk of accidents and injuries to themselves and others and reducing the risk of losing possible sensitive or personal information. 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Three ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment can be achieves by the following methods: 1. Ensuring that employees use and wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when carrying out task that may require it, making sure that the PPE being used is correctly fitted and is fit for the task being carried out. 2. If working in an environment where food is being handled employers must ensure that employees are fully conversant with hygiene procedures and that they are being implemented correctly. 3. When working with IT equipment employees are to ensure that security guidelines are being adhered to i. e. passwords are kept secure and that Security Operating Procedures (SyOPs) are being followed correctly. Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication. You should include two verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication. Methods of communication Description Verbal communication 1. Person to Person or face to face, this is where two people with engage in conversation with each other and pass information. 2. Telephone conversations, this is where two or more people converse through the medium of telephone communications, similar to face to face apart from you cannot see the person you are talking to. Non-verbal communication 1. Body Language can be used to express emotions and feelings without the use of language. For example facial expressions can tell a person a lot about how another is feeling i. e. if someone is smiling then this normally indicates they are happy 2. Tone of voice, tone of voice along with body language can also determine the way a person is feeling. If someone is shouting they are either conveying a warning or trying to attract attention to themselves or they may be angry. Written communication 1. Email, emails are an electronic method of communicating via computer. It is a sterile way of communicating as you do not get to interact with the sender of the information. 2. Written reports, written reports and are normally completed on paper very similar to email and you will not interact with the author. 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. When communicating with others consideration should be given to understanding what the other person wants to know and what they need to know. You must try to understand how they would prefer the information to be delivered i. e. verbal communication or written communication. People are different and have different preferences in the way they receive information. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Two ways of actively listening is to engage with the person you are listening to, look at the speaker and focus on what is being said. Do not interrupt them whilst they are speaking, instead write notes for questions you may have regarding points you feel you may need to clarify. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. By agreeing standards of your own with line managers or supervisors prior to work that is undertaken allows each party to understand what the required standards are and what needs to be achieved and that no ambiguity exists. There are many standards that work can be judged by that are used in the business environment, for example Quality Assurance standards, behavioural standards and wastage standards. If both parties have a good understanding of these standards then work will be produced to a higher quality and without errors. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. By taking on new challenges it allows us to grow as individuals and avoids becoming stagnated in what we do. Taking on new things helps us push ourselves and gives us the opportunity to try new things. Being able to adapt to change at work can demonstrate to your employer that you are flexible and willing to embrace new things. This can only have a positive effect on you as an individual as your employer will be more likely to trust you with new task and ultimately responsibilities which could result in promotion. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. Treating others with honesty and consideration will earn you peoples trust and respect. If people trust you they are more than likely going to be happier to work with you; and be more honest and open with you with regards to work issues. If others trust you they will share information with you because they will feel you don’t have an agenda and feel like they are part of the team. If you have good team work in the workplace then it will be a happier place to work and in turn become more efficient. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. Meeting work standards and deadlines will ensure any work carried out will be to the correct specifications and delivered on time. By constantly hitting deadlines to the correct standards will enhance confidence and reduce possible supervision. It will help to improve the employer employee working relationship because the employer will have more trust in the employee’s abilities and help build teamwork. 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. One way you can plan your work is by using a â€Å"things to do† or check off list, these can be a very useful and effective planning tool. By noting down and crossing off different milestones as they’re met can aid in the successful progression of tasks. Another way is having an open or shared diary. This can be used by different personnel to plan different task at different times, and will allow others to see what deadlines they may have to work too. 3. Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? There a several ways that a business can keep others informed of progress below are some examples: 1. Meetings are a good way of getting all those involved in a project together to discuss how things are progressing, the down sides to this can be, key players not being able to attend and possibly taking a large amount of people away from their place of work all at the same time. 2. Written reports are also a good way of communicating progress to others as the information contained within has less chance of being misinterpreted. Possible drawbacks could be the length of time it takes to prepare the document and unless a comprehensive distribution list is drawn up then some employees could be missed. Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business environment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. By continuously improving your performance you are pushing yourself to produce better quality work and ensuring that organisational standards are met, possibly even exceeded. This can be beneficial to the employee and employer equally, if your employer sees that you are striving to be the best you can be you are more likely to stand out from your colleagues when it comes to promotion, in turn if you are producing your best work this can only benefit the business on a whole. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. 1. Attending training courses – by attending training courses I have been able to learn new skills and help my team perform to a better standard. 2. Learning from others – on job training can be a valuable tool when improving your performance. By shadowing a work colleague I was able to quickly learn basic skills from an experienced member of the business which allowed me to start functioning faster than if I had to wait for a training course. 3. Appraisals – By attending regular appraisal individuals can get constructive feedback on performance whether that is good or bad. Areas of weakness can be identified and appropriate remedial plans put in place to address those issues. 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. There are several career paths one could take in the business administration sector, possible careers could be as a secretary, administration manager, personal assistant or a team leader. Section 7 – Understand the types of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them 1. Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. Two types of problems that can occur are as follows: 1. Staff shortages – The business may suffer as a consequence of a key player in a project being absent through illness or holiday. 2. Deadlines – deadlines may not be met due to staff shortages or lack of resources or unrealistic timescales being implemented. 2. Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. Problem Dealing with the problem 1. Staff Shortage Having a robust plan in place where a colleague is able to provide cover for the missing employee. Longer term advanced planning could see temporary staff employed to cover for longer periods of absence i. e. maternity leave. 2. Missing deadlines By redeploying members of staff to help reach approaching deadlines. Re-evaluating organisational procedures and standards, setting realistic and achievable deadlines. 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). Problems I can deal with: Problems I would need to refer to others: How are problems referred to others? 1. Simple equipment issues i. e. replacing paper in printers or ink cartridges. 1. Complex equipment issues. Terminal not turning on or booting up. Report it by the appropriate means to the relevant department. 2. Minor changes in organisational procedures. 2. Major changes to organisational procedures. I would refer this issue to my supervisor or line manager. Clarification may need to be sort on major changes to procedures so employees are fully aware of the changes. Unit two: Principles of providing administrative services Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 9 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Understand how to make and receive telephone calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at least two different features of a telephone system and how / when they would be used. Feature How / when used 1. Answerphone Normally accessed by pressing the number 1. It enables you to access messages left by others for you. 2. Conference call This enables you to speak to more than one person at the same time. 2. Prepare a brief report advising people on: How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls The purpose of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with). When making a call the caller must remember to be polite and introduce themselves to the person who answers. Remember you are representing the company and that first impressions count. You should always try to portray the company in the best possible light and should always act in a professional manner. When receiving a call the person answering must: Attempt to answer the call as soon as possible before it rings off (this call could be the most important of the day) Answer with good morning/afternoon The name of the company Your name And how you may be of assistance If the person they have called for is not there be sure to take the name of the caller their number and any message they may wish to leave. Section 2 – Understand how to handle mail 1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing). Receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages is an essential part of any successful business. To run an efficient business a good system for the sorting of incoming and outgoing mail must be employed. If mail is not sorted and distributed correctly throughout the workplace then things can get delayed or worst case, missing. If this happens it can have a detrimental effect on the business and could ultimately end up in the loss of orders or customers. 2. Complete the table below with the following information: At least two examples of internal mail services that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations Internal mail services External mail services 1. Organisation staff 1. Royal Mail 2. Organisation staff in vans 2. DHL 3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages. You can calculate the postage charge for items either by weight of the size of the item that needs to be posted and how quickly you want it to get there. The bigger the item the more it will cost, the quicker you want it to get to its destination the higher the price. Section 3 – Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Printer – used to transfer electronic information and pictures from computers (soft copies) and usually printed onto paper (hard copies) Photocopier – used to produce multiple copies of documents as it cheaper and faster than printing using a laser printer. Scanner – reverse process to a printer. Hard copies are scanned and the image is usually transferred to a computer and turned into soft copy. 2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment. By following the manufacturers’ guidelines you will guarantee that the equipment is being used correctly and to its full potential. This will also ensure that manufacturers’ warranties are maintained; and the equipment performs to the standards that it is designed to do. It will also prolong the life of the equipment and ensure a valuable resource is always available for use. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, hygienic and ready for the next user. More often than not office equipment will be shared amongst a number of colleagues. This could range from phones through to such things as headsets. By keeping the items clean will minimise the risk of infection and the spread of germs to othersr0. If equipment is looked after and kept clean it will function better for longer. You should leave equipment in the state that you would want to find it. Section 4 – Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. Waste should be kept to a minimum because it can have a long-term affect on the business. Businesses can spend a large amount of time and money to dispose of excessive waste and may promote a wasteful culture in employees. Most businesses will seek to keep waste to a minimum as this constitutes good business practice. 2. Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. Not correctly checking a document properly before it is mass produced is one form of waste as all the resources involved will have been used with no end product. Delivering food items too early may result in food going cold and delivering to late may result in the consumer making other arrangements and no longer requiring the food, thus leaving the business with unwanted food products. 3. How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. Taking the time to read through documents before it is massed produced for errors will help to eradicate any errors that maybe contained within. Delivering food items when required and to the standard expected and not too early or too late will ensure the consumer is happy. Section 5 – Know how to make arrangements for meetings 1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of meetings and describing the main features of each type of meeting. Type of meeting Main features Information Exchange The main feature is disseminating information to an audience. Can range from an informal meeting to a large conference. Problem solving Used to brainstorm and solve problems. Can be face to face, informal, spur of the moment or regular meetings. Decision Making Meetings where decisions are made. Can range from AGMs, board meetings, regular meetings to spur of the moment meetings. 2. When arranging a meeting: What sources and types of information are typically needed? How should meetings be arranged? When arranging a meeting consideration should be given to the following: Size of venue for the amount of people attending. Will there be anyone there that may have special requirements and access to venue. Suitable amount of chairs and tables for attendees to use. Will there be a need for resources i. e. Projectors, pens, pads, Internet connectivity etc. Will refreshments be required if the meeting is scheduled to be long When arranging a meeting the following points should be followed: 1. Find out about and confirm the meeting brief. 2. Confirm the venue, equipment and catering requirements. 3. Produce the agenda and meeting papers. 4. Invite attendees and send them the agenda. 5. Confirm attendance. 6. Make sure attendees’ needs are met. 7. Make amends to correct any needs for requirements, such as catering. 8. Collate and dispatch papers for the meeting within agreed timescales. 9. Produce spare copies of meeting papers. 10. Arrange the equipment and layout of the room. Section 6 – Understand procedures for organising travel and accommodation arrangements 1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. Confirming instructions will ensure that things run smoothly and all requirements are put in place before a journey is undertaken. 2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. Travel and accommodation arrangements Procedures Hire car Book Hire car with hire car company. Ensure hire company knows where to drop off/pick up if appropriate. Taxi Make sure the taxi is booked, ensure they are sure of pick up times, and pick up address and destination. Plane Make sure the ticket is booked and the appropriate level of class is booked. Consideration should be made for travel arrangements to and from airport. Hotel Make sure that a hotel is booked and is adequate for the needs of the individual. Location of hotel should be checked to ensure it suitable. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. Good record keeping is essential for a business to run efficiently and remain organised. Keep records on financial outlay will help a business to remain in Budget. It will allow them to assess the effectiveness of companies that they use for travel by being able to compare cost and service. Section 7 – Understand diary management procedures 1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons. Using a diary serves as a good way to keep information all in one place. It is an excellent organisational tool for keeping track of such things as meetings, training days and holidays for example. By using a shared diary others within the organisation can see what an individual ahs planned in the near and distant future. It allows others to book meetings and book holidays and days off. 2. Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace. Information is key to keeping a successful diary, if a diary is not populated with useful, valid and up to date information then it will fail. Key information that should be included for instance: Who: Who is the meeting with? What: What is the meeting about? When: When is the meeting? Where: Where is the meeting? Why: Why are you having the meeting? Section 8 – Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment? The difference between external and internal customers is thus; external customers are other businesses or organisations that your business will supply or their company works for yours or supplies you. Internal customers are ones that you supply and work for the same employer. 2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Include at least three reasons in your answer. Customer service should be meet or exceeded as the customer is the most important part of a business, without customers businesses will fail. Giving good customer service and customer satisfaction will help ensure: Repeat business Customer loyalty Recommendations to others Good publicity Sense of trust Greater job security. Business growth 3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. It is important to build customer relationships as this will help build trust between the customer and the business. If you have a good relationship with a customer then they are more likely to choose your business over a company that provide the same service. This can be achieved by going that extra mile in your customer service and making the customer feel that they are special to you and you value their custom. By personalising your professional relationship with them, finding out their first name and using it where you think appropriate. Little touches can mean a lot to customers and if you make them feel special then they will want to keep coming back. 4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? There are several ways that customers can be encouraged to give feedback on a company’s performance these can come in the form of focus groups, customer feedback forms, verbal feedback and customer complaints. Section 9 – Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures 1. What is the purpose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? The purpose of the receptionist is to be the first point of contact. They are there to Welcome visitors Give an appropriate greeting Handle enquiries Provide relevant information about the organisation Keep a tidy and well organised reception area Keep accurate visitor records Monitor access into and out of the building by visitors Liaise with other departments Handle any visitor problems professionally Do any related administrative duties. 2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is important. The role of the receptionist in a business is vitally important. They are often the first person a new customer will see and engage with. If a receptionist acts in a professional manner then it will then it will reflect well on the business as a whole. If a receptionist is well dressed, politely spoken and efficient in the handling of customers then this will give a positive and professional outlook. 3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedures in a reception area. When entering a building the reception area must be placed so each individual entering the building must go through the reception area. Visitors must be signed in and out of the building and asked who they wish to see. This acts not only as a record of who has entered the building but also serves a record of who has visited. If there is a secure area of the building they are required to visit then they may need to be escorted, the receptionist can call a member of the appropriate department to come and act as an escort. The receptionist can also brief any visitors on any health and safety issues or security guidelines that need to be adhered too. Unit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for refer

Academic degree Essay Example

Academic degree Essay Example Academic degree Essay Academic degree Essay Essay Topic: Academic Therefore the relationship will be M:N legislations. However, the we can use the multivolume attribute to combine all the degrees in to one entity, for instance, we can name the entity as DEGREE and put PhD, Master, and Bachelor in it. One problem we need to consider is that it will be very difficult to count them as all the information are gathered within the same entity. Bert Reply Quote Message unread Set Flag Rave Koran Mallard An employee may have many degrees. Here, employee ID already exists and is a field/attribute in itself. Hobbies requires a new field/attribute and comes under the entity of student details. The relationship is and the model is based on how you build the table. We can create a new table with fields for employee ID and every possible degrees. Here, the primary key of the employed becomes foreign key in the new relation table. But, this model leads many null values which can be still operated. If we use only a field for hobbies we need to assign the text field to contain more than one value. This is called as multivolume attribute. Here, a new schema is created with clear definitions of attributes about what type of attributes can be present and the number of instances of those values ii 1 r more. But still each value in a given value set must be unique without repetitions within the same location. The new schema contains a primary key, which is a combination of the employees (foreign key and unique identification value) and degree(a unique descriptive attribute). New PC pair scheme of employed and individual degrees helps in identifying which degree belongs to which employee and which employee has what degrees. Hide 1 reply RE: week 2 Question 2 Sorry a typing mistake. It is degrees in place of hobbies Reply Quote Delete John Harrington The relationship between Employee and degree is a relationship. An employee could have one or more degrees and different types of degrees such as bachelors, masters, Ph. D, and maybe a JDK could be assigned to one or more employees. It would be best to create an entity for Degree. The primary key from Employee should be used as a foreign key in Degree. Degree should have a key called DE_TYPE that could hold a degree type for each degree that the employee has earned. The Degree table could also be expanded to hold information about where and when a degree was earned. Reply Quote Email Mark as unread Hi John, Your example of degrees with the new attributes of where and when a degree was earned seem to form an interesting combination of multivolume attribute and weak entities. The dredgers is of course a multivolume attribute. The attributes when passed and where studied form weak entities which do not come into picture unless there is a mention of degrees Reply Quote Aisha Cannon The business rule An employee may have many degrees contains two entities which are employee and degrees. This rule translates into a MIN legislations because an employee can earn many degrees and a degree can be earned by many employees. The entity Degrees could be represented by several attributes, including degree type, degree major, degree institution etc. When dealing with multivolume attributes it will be necessary to create several new attributes within the original entity, but be mindful of structural problems in the table and changes in the structure that are made to accommodate modifications. Another solution for multivolume entities is to create a new entity composed of the multivolume attributes components. For example, for the entity degrees the new entity would be degrees major which means a new entity set is composed of a multivolume attributes component. The components would read, health sciences, sociology, criminal justice, human services etc. Reply Quote Email Author Jessica Forbes Aisha agree with your point as to creating a new entity composed of the multivolume attributes components as a solution for multivolume entities. It;s an important point to consider. Reply Quote Email Author Lacer Rancher ERE week 2 Question 2 Having this business rule, an employee may have many degree would quire us to have Non entity: employee and employee_degree. Each one will have primary key and only degree table would have foreign key to link with employee table. In foreign key attribute there should be stored the primary key of employee who has degrees. The relationship would be 1 because an employee can have many degrees. That case we can allow entering multiple records in employee_degree table for each employee and we would not have problem having the redundant data. I hope that does make sense. Nathan Reedy Jammed Hi Lacer Rancher I agree with your post. Altitude attribute is an MIN relationship it will cause the data redundancy so it will affect the integrity of a database. Minored to eliminate we transforming M:N relationship to I:M. Employee table having one unique id and degree table having a same unique id which links employee table. Christopher Reddened The employee to degree relationship is a M:N relationship. Employees can have one or more degrees such as Bachelors, Masters, PH. D. Or MD and each of these degree designations could be assigned to one or more employees. In this scenario it would be most logical to establish an employee primary key ND a foreign key for degree denoting degree type earned for each employee, and en entity for degree. Further information could be denoted in the table regarding types of degrees, when they were earned, etc. Reply Quote Email John Young multivolume attribute is and how it might be implemented. This business rule is an example of when a single attribute is not repeated in a scheme but had multiple values in the same table for it. The difficulty lies in it is now difficult to search the table for a particular degree that a person might have or it is nearly impossible to query an employee and list their ultimate degrees. And so the relationship between employees and degree s is one-to-many, so a primary/foreign key pair needs to be created and a new table. The new table has only one attribute to describe, the degree. In order to specifically identify every row in the table the employee table key (primary key) is needed and the degree table key (primary key) also. So both attributes form the primary key of the two tables. Set Hag James Larceny This rule creates a situation where the attribute is multivolume, an employee may have a bachelors degree in engineering, and other employee may have bachelors degree in engineering also Masters degree in chemistry. This creates the multivolume attribute, and an entity with a MIN relationship, which we know does not work in a relational database. The best way to deal with this issue is to create a new entity made up of the original multivolume attributes. This new entity can also include Associates degrees and Pads, to cover all options. Reply Quote Email Author Bottom Of Form Stephanie Gary James, I definitely agree with your solution here. While itd be fastest for lookup to store each degree as a separate attribute, itd probably be best in this case to rate a new entity that matches each employee to all his degrees. This allows more flexibility in the number of degrees possible. Reply Quote Email Author Emmanuel Addax multivolume attribute is and how it might be implemented. ) The M:N relationship would be in effect for this business rule. Many employees cold have the same degree and more than one degree. Since there are multivolume attributes there may need to be new entities created. The new entity could help specify these types of degree or can be used to specify or quantify the degree or count. Reply Quote Email Author Mike Wagner Jar In the employee and degree relationship the degree cannot exist by itself. The employee and degree exist in many to many relationship. There is a possibility that this could cost some redundancy. That is the one thing that you dont want if it can be avoided is redundancy. Reply Quote Email Author The rule that an employee may have many degrees calls for there to be a 1 relationship between the person and the degree(s) theyve attained. This can be done with only three fields as pictured below but this doesnt allow effortless searching based on the degree due to the degree field containing ultimate degrees.

What shall I Render unto God (psalm 116) Speech or Presentation

What shall I Render unto God (psalm 116) - Speech or Presentation Example In response to all the blessing that God bestowed on the psalmist, he offered to be His servant for the rest of his life. He promised to do what God asked him to do for the rest of his life, as he according to him he would serve the Lord on this earth as long as he lives (Psalm 116:12-18). There are several physical and spiritual benefits that God bestows on us every day. Physical Needs: God has bestowed numerous blessing on us, even after all the disobedience and sin we do. Our physical needs that are fulfilled by God on the daily basis include the need for food, safety and other physiological needs. Responding back to God through our love: We may respond back to God for all His blessing by loving him. This can only be done if we follow the commandments that were sent to us through Moses and the teaching of Jesus (John 14:23). Responding back through praise: Lord our God likes it when we praise him through different hymns and other means. We can show Him our loyalty by praising Him and praying to no one but Him. In psalm 116, the psalmist promise to offer a cup of wine to the Lord as a gesture of gratitude (Psalm 116:8). Responding back through worship: We have been instructed in the Bible that we must obey the day of the Sabbath. The Lord, our God, listens to the worships and bestows upon us His blessings in return (Psalm 68:4-5). Responding back through Body: We have been created to serve a purpose on earth. Serving the Lord by serving His creations and worshipping Him is how we can respond to His blessings through our bodies. In return of our sacrifice God blesses us with a long and healthy life (Proverb

Critical appraisal two research studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical appraisal two research studies - Essay Example The second article, Simon John Palfrey man tends to get on the psychological state of the patients, trying to clinically establishing the expectations and reasons for patients, seeking the treatment. Thus these are two papers are from the same field, though of different tradition and aim. The first paper is essentially based on quantitative research where the paradigms or testing ground would be parameters like reliability and validity while the second one is a qualitative research that would need analysis of different parameters like the researcher’s reflexity, the context in which the research took place, selection of research participants, etc. This essay critically evaluates the paper in terms of research design and their potential contribution towards effective practice, encompassing the concerned ethical and political issues. The agenda is to travel further down the concept and try to establish the barriers for implementing research in the workplace and the effective means of overcoming it. Thus to effectively analyze the research paper it becomes important to understand the background of the condition described, followed by abstract of the papers to be reviewed and their critical analysis. Varicose veins are enlarged veins that appears swollen and elevated above the skin surface. They are distinctly visible not just because of their twisted and bulging look but also their color wich can be dark purple or blue. Usually found on the backs of the calves or inside of the legs, the valves in the veins permitting the blood flow towards the heart stops functioning properly. This leads to development of blood pools in the veins causing them to dilate.Around 1 out of 2 people over the age of 50 suffer from varicose veins and is more commonly observed in women than men. Hemorrhoids or commonly known as piles are also a type of varicose vein. Proper exercise, losing obesity, elevating the legs while resting and not crossing legs while

Perception Errors as Seen in “Twelve Angry Men” Essay Example for Free

Perception Errors as Seen in â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† Essay The innocent and the beautiful have no enemy but Time† William Butler Yeats The movie â€Å"Twelve Angry Men† opens up with a sequence which justifies the above stated quote. The storyline follows the story of two random people chosen as jurors who have been asked to give a verdict on a murder case. The case involves the murder of a father by his teenage son. The verdict can be held legal and valid only if it is unanimous. At the start of the movie, everyone except a gentleman votes as ‘guilty’ for the boy. The gentleman expresses his desire to go over all the facts after which he would make his decision whether the teenager is guilty or not. After several deliberations, re-questioning of the stated facts and witness testimonials, slowly the jurors start changing their verdict from ‘guilty’ to ‘not-guilty’. The story ends with the unanimous verdict in the favor of the teenager. Common Perceptual Distortions: 1. Stereotype or Prototype: One of the jurors has the belief that teenagers growing up in slums tend to be criminals. A generalization on the behalf of the juror is incorrect. . Projection: One of the jurors shares a failing relationship with his own son. This creates an effect wherein he sees the image of his son in the teenager held in the trial. He tries to force his own conscious image onto the teenager and sees him as guilty. 3. Self Fulfilling Prophecy: One of the jurors is timid in nature and hence his opinions are not heard and ignored. 4. Mine is better thinking: One of the jurors thinks that since he is an influential person in his domain, he knows better because of his higher status in society. . Selective Perception: One of the jurors is only interested in finishing the verdict. He has no arguments in favour or against the teenager. 6. Pretending to Know: One of the jurors tries to justify everything by giving the statement ‘know what I mean’, inspite of having no concrete facts supporting his arguments. 7. Unwarranted Assumptions: One of the jurors holds onto the testimony that the murder weapon is unique. Also one more assumption is the thing that the sick man can cover a long distance to the stairs in a few seconds. 8. Attacking other people : One of the jurors starts fighting and shouting at everyone as if that would prove that others are wrong. 9. Halo Effect: The fact that the teenager stays in the slums creates a general impression in one of the jurors’ minds that the teenager is guaranteed a criminal. 10. False Consensus Effect: At the beginning of the session, all but one decide as ‘guilty’ on the verdict. Many of the jurors gave their vote just on the simple reason that others would give the same, and not on their own opinions.

The Power of Baseball and Role Models in Latin America Essay -- Sociol

The Power of Baseball and Role Models in Latin America In many countries around the world, the socioeconomic problem is so bad that they are granted the title of a Third World country. Countries that are not quite as bad, such as most Latin American countries like Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, often have trouble, on a smaller level, of creating jobs and job security for its people to inspire work ethic and incentive to raise the socioeconomic bar that has been set below average. Sometimes, all it takes is a role model; a person who is from that respective country who has made a name for themself of continental proportion to inspire the rest of the country to fight against the low standard that has been acquired. This paper will discuss how in Latin America, the people of these countries have found hope and incentive to work through the hardship and hard work of certain professional baseball players that had either defected or were lucky enough to work their way into the American professional baseball system. Because these players have struck gold on such an enormous level, a global level, they have given the poorer and disadvantaged people of their country a reason to fight to make their situation better. These players have given back considerably to their communities and their countries which makes them the role models they are today. Puerto Rico â€Å"Puerto Rico is a self-governing commonwealth of the United States and is not subject to the imposition of tax levies by the continental United States except for Social Security, workman’s compensation and several additional labor benefits† (Sennholz). So, the apparent question is, why is Puerto Rico such a poor country? To be perfectly honest, their lack of... ...it to the U.S. and pursue a career in baseball and then even further on to jobs that even entail coaching and managing, are the kind of role models who stand out in these Latin American countries and are the reason baseball is continually embraced there today. These role models send the right message back home and have and will continue to be role models to not only their home country, but to many others throughout the world for their dedication, hard work, and perseverance. Works Cited Ender, Eric. â€Å"Cuban Baseball: The Road to the Majors,† www.espn.com. 2 Feb. 2000. Accessed site: 30 May 2003. Paese, Gabriella. â€Å"Injuries Sideline 5 Puerto Ricans in the Major Leagues,† Puerto Rican Herald. 19 Apr. 2002. Accessed site: 1 June 2003. Sennholz, Hanz. â€Å"El Pasatiempo Nacional,† www.puertoricobaseball.com/baseballnotes/. 3 July 2001. Accessed site: 2 June 2003.

Effects of Fast Food Essay

INTRODUCTION Junk food is typically defined as foods with little nutritional value that are high in calories, fat, sugar, salt, or caffeine. It is widely believed that the term was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. Common junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and carbonated beverages. The convenience, price and predictability of fast food makes it a frequent meal choice for many people. However, as consumption of fast food has risen over the last three decades, so too have occurrences of several health issues and diseases related to fast food and unhealthy eating habits. Eaten regularly, fast food can put you at an increased risk for developing diabetes, heart disease or obesity. The fast food industry in India has evolved with the changing lifestyles of young Indian population. The sheer variety of gastronomic preferences across the regions has brought about different modules across the country. Many of the traditional dishes have adapted to suit the emerging fast food outlets. The basic adaption is to decrease the processing and serving time. HEALTH EFFECTS A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the Scripps Research Institute (2008) suggested that junk food consumption alters brains activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like cocaine or heroin. The increase of junk food is directly associated with the increase in obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, certain cancers, tooth decay, and other diseases. Fast Food Contributes to Obesity Fast food is a major contributor to rising occurrences of obesity. Calorie-laden fast food meals can contain nearly a full day’s worth of calories and fat and, eaten regularly, can increase your chances of obesity. According to CBS News Health Watch, almost one-third of U.S children between the ages of 4 and 19 consume fast food which, depending on the regularity which with fast food is eaten, can cause a 6-pound weight increase per year. Fast Food increases Diabetes Along with obesity, consumption of fast food has been linked to an increased chance of developing Type 2 Diabetes. In Type 2 Diabetes, either your body is unable to regulate blood sugar with insulin, or is unable to produce insulin. Increased body fat, along with a high-sugar and high-carbohydrate diet, can increase your body’s resistance to insulin, which monitors your blood sugar levels. An article published by the US Department of Health and Human Services states that people who ate fast food two or more times per week were twice as likely to experience insulin resistance. Fast Food is High in Sodium Fast food is typically very high in sodium. A large order of fast food french fries can contain as much as 30% of your daily value of sodium. While important to consume in small amounts, a diet high in sodium can lead to high blood pressure, a potential precursor to heart disease. As excess sodium builds up in your bloodstream, your heart must work harder to pump blood successfully, which can cause hypertension and high blood pressure. Regularly consuming foods high in sodium can greatly increase your chances of developing high blood pressure. Fast Food is Low in Nutrients Many fast food are low in nutrients. Hamburgers served on white bread, french fries and other high-carbohydrate sides and fried or high-fat meats are common fast food menu items, and all lack important nutrients such as vitamins found in fresh produce, fiber found in whole grains and protein served without added fat. Foods which are high in sugar and carbohydrates but low in nutrients are also often less filling than healthier options, and can lead to overeating. Furthermore, non-nutritious fast food several times per week can impact your energy levels and mood, and may put you at risk for vitamin deficiency. Harmful Effects of Junk Food * The regular consumption of junk food is the leading factor in obesity and excess weight. * Obesity is second only to smoking as a cause of death in America. * 46% of Canadian adults are either overweight or obese, with obesity in children increasing three-fold over the past 2 decades. * Consumption of Aerated drinks containing sugar has been linked to weight gain and an increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. * Studies have revealed that obese people have twice the rate of chronic health problems as people of normal weight. * Junk food diet is a major cause of heart diseases. * High cholesterol resulting from junk food puts undue strain on the liver, causing long-term damage to this essential organ. * Research has suggested that diets high in fat may also impair essential brain functions, like concentration and memory. The junk food facts about Aerated drinks alone are alarming. There is compelling evidence that regular consumption of Aerated drinks leads to Increased rates of: – * Bone fracture * Osteoporosis * Weight gain and obesity * Type II Diabetes * Kidney stones * Tooth decay and other dental problems ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am deeply indebted to my Economics teacher, Mrs. Payal Mathur, without whose help this project would not have been possible. The success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and guidance provided by Mrs. Payal Mathur. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this project. I can’t thank them enough for their tremendous support and sparing their valuable time. I would like to thank the people of my colony, my friends and relatives who were my respondents and painstakingly filled the questionnaires. The guidance and support received from all my family members who contributed to this project, was vital for the success of the project. I am grateful for their constant support and help. Last but not the least, I also acknowledge the effort put in by my elder sister Miss Upasna Handa in compiling the project. BIBLIOGRAPHY INFORMATION: * www.google.com * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junk_food * http://facts.randomhistory.com/interesting-facts-about-junk-food.html * http://www.livestrong.com/article/497521-facts-about-the-dangers-of-eating-fast-food/ PICTURES: * www.google.com JUNK FOOD FACTS – CHILDREN * The junk food industry deliberately targets children as young as 2 in a bid to create brand preference and lifelong loyalty. * Advertisers question kids and tap into their play to create ads and products with guaranteed child-appeal. Fast food chains use the lure of free toys to get kids to persuade their parents to spend. A desirable toy can double or triple weekly sales of kids’ meals. And every child brings along at least one adult too. * Flavorings and colorings can cause asthma, rashes and hyperactivity. Many countries – but not the UK – ban them from children’s food. JUNK FOOD FACTS – AERATEDDRINKS * The metal can costs more than the ingredients, which are primarily water mixed with additives, sugar or sweetener, and caffeine. A can of cola contains 10 teaspoons of sugar. * Aerated drinks are aggressively marketed by fast food chains, because they are so profitable, at around 97% profit on the price per cup. The bigger the cup, the greater the profit. * In the US, average adult consumption of Aerated drinks is around 500 cans a year. * Twenty per cent of American under-2s are given Aerated drinks – laden with sugar and additives – every day. DISGUSTING JUNK FOOD FACTS ABOUT THE FOOD ON YOUR PLATE * Canned spaghetti A helping of carbohydrate, salt and sugar, with virtually no fibre, anyone? * Chicken nuggets Low cost nuggets are cheap because they contain as little as 16% pulped chicken, bulked out with water, chicken skin, proteins removed from bone, hide, or poultry feathers, mechanically retrieved meat; plus the ubiquitous sugar, additives and salt. They also contain bulking agents used to soak up the water that’s injected into chicken to increase the weight – and the profit. Minced meat can hid a multitude of revolting ‘extras’ : carcinogenic antibiotics, recycled cat food, and poultry mixed with beef proteins have all been found in chicken destined for the production line. * Chocolate muffin Ruinously high in sugar, and made with the big baddie of the junk food industry, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil which has zero nutritional value, and damages heart and arteries. * Fries Fat-packed and low in nutrients. May be coated with additives and salt. * Fruit yoghurts, ready-made sauces, fruit drinks, baby foods – and more†¦ Modified starches, along with colorings and flavorings, mimic the texture of fresh fruit and veg, so that manufacturers’ can use less of the real thing. They also mask rancid flavors’ and smells. * Milkshakes A simple-sounding ingredient, like ‘artificial strawberry flavor’ can in itself contain around 50 chemicals. And not one single strawberry. What’s in some of that Junk Food? * One teaspoon of sugar is extracted from a stalk of sugarcane one metre in length! * A super-sized order of McDonald’s fries contains 610 calories and 29 grams of fat. * A king-sized order of Burger King’s fries packs 590 calories and 30 grams of fat. * A king-sized Burger King meal, (Double Whopper with cheese, large fries and large drink) contains 1,800 calories (mostly derived from fat and refined sugar). To ‘burn’ these calories would take nearly 6 hours of cycling (at 20 miles per hour). Junk Food Advertising * The food industry spends over $33 billion per year in the US alone to advertise food products that could be classified as junk food. * The majority of food advertising during children’s television programming is for sweetened cereals, Aerated drinks, candy, processed snacks and fast foods. * The average American child sees around 20,000 ads a year for junk food. * Over 90% of American children eat at McDonald’s at least once per month. * American teenagers drink an average of 760 can of soda pop per year (with boys drinking about 25% more than girls). * The average American of any age drinks over 500 cans of Aerated drinks per year. * Nearly 20% of children under 2 years of age are given Aerated drinks every day in America! * The average person today consumes more sugar in two weeks than a person a century ago would have eaten in a whole year. That’s a junk food fact!